Inertia - Science for You

Life outside Earth We have been thinking of life outside earth since time immemorial. And when it comes to the scientific search of extraterrestrial life, what and where are we searching for? The primary question - what , is thought worthy.  We assume that the Life outside Earth is like the Life on Earth. We assume the life to be water-based and to share many such similarities. Why so? Life outside could be of any form. It really need not be water based. It really need not have the needs of the terrestrial life, say, oxygen. But, it is easier to look for life with this assumption, for, as the old joke goes, the old man who lost his keys at night will search for it under the streetlights. So, although we know that life on Earth could not be representative of life elsewhere, we take up the assumption while we scout for extraterrestrial life. A similar approach is also usually taken while we decide where to hunt for life. We look for Sun-like stars and Earth-like orbits and temperatures,

  Order from Chaos - The Cosmic Web Imagining the universe we have known about would be a picture of innumerous galaxies sprinkled randomly all around like air bubbles suspended in a gel. Chaos . That one word would describe it. However, as we zoom out, in reality, we conceive order from chaos; we would observe that all those galaxies which we envisioned to be spread out randomly are actually existing together along paths of gases. The image is exactly like motor vehicles moving through tarred roads alone, avoiding the land amidst the roads - galaxies are only present along the filaments and these filaments are linked together to form a structure like a spider’s web and we call it the cosmic web, which is a term coined by Richard Bond in 1996 to describe a tangled structure of clumps and filaments naturally formed by dark matter left to experience the pull of gravity. The area enclosed between the roads are analogous to dark matter present as voids among the cosmic web and accounts to

 People have thought about the existence of particles smaller than the smallest sensible particles of matter from time immemorial. Moreover, a similar philosophy of ' anu ' is mentioned in the ancient Indian texts. However, this suspicion had no scientific grounds until one or two centuries ago. Now, we know that matter is composed of atoms, atoms of nucleons and electrons, and nucleons of quarks. The concept of an atom was first scientifically proposed by John Dalton, which was further developed by Ernest Rutherford and Neils Bohr, although J J Thomson was the first to propose a model after Dalton. While Thomson presented a model of atom in which the electrons are distributed in a positive space as if seeds in a watermelon or plums in a pudding, Rutherford's famous gold foil experiment proved that most of the space inside an atom is empty and that the positive charge is concentrated in a centre called nucleus, and thus proved Thomson to be incorrect. An interesting thing w